The fragmentation of production and emergence of global value chains provides authoritarian states like China with new avenues for exercising political coercion via indirect trade relations and final demand exposure to their markets. This paper provides a quantification of Baltic states’ final demand exposure to China and the potential risks of trade weaponization. The 2021… Continue reading Trade weaponization: Vulnerabilities in the Baltic exports to China
Constructed around nine country-specific sections, this study explains how parliamentarians and political parties in Central Europe view and scrutinise PRC and PRC-related activities. It also touches on the public’s perception of the PRC, insofar as this may animate the political decisions taken in democracies. Further, it provides a snapshot of how attitudes towards the CCP… Continue reading The People’s Republic of China: Political perceptions in Central Europe
What were the main drivers of Slovakia’s approach towards Asia-Pacific in 2022? How were these relations impacted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine? Matej Šimalčík answers these questions in his contribution to Yearbook of Slovakia’s Foreign Policy. Over the years, Slovakia’s engagement with the Asia–Pacific region has been shaped by a combination of international (structural)… Continue reading Slovakia and the Asia–Pacific amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine (Yearbook of Slovakia’s Foreign Policy 2022)
Potential negative impacts of economic dependency on China are increasingly scrutinized. However, conventional trade statistics are a poor guide to bilateral export exposures. For a better analysis of risks, countries need to consider the impacts of their indirect trade with China linked to their role in the product supply chains. In December 2021, reports about… Continue reading The China factor: Economic exposures and security implications in an interdependent world
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine, started with the annexation of Crimea in 2014, which grew into a full invasion on February 24, 2023, and also affected the states of the V4+Japan format. Although the European part of the format is more affected compared to Japan, in general, it can be said that Japan is… Continue reading The Impact of War in Ukraine on V4 + Japan
