In September 2021, the European Union (EU) released its very first Indo-Pacific strategy. While its assessment of the current geostrategic and geo-economic challenges is highly accurate (notably if read together with the EU’s 2019 China strategy), the Indo-Pacific strategy has been criticised for lacking specific means of implementation. Since then, the EU has been promoting… Continue reading Global Gateway Initiative: Infrastructure Cooperation With Souhteast Asia
The year 2019 marked a critical shift in the relations of the European Union (EU) with the People’s Republic of China (PRC): in its blueprint for a new China strategy the EU presents China in a much more critical light than in previous strategy papers. While China is regarded as a partner with whom a… Continue reading The EU’s de-risking strategy and its Global Gateway Initiative: Two strategic responses to China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the China-CEEC cooperation
